On the Price of Anarchy and the Optimal Routing of Parallel non-Observable Queues
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چکیده
We consider a network of parallel, non-observable queues and analyze the price of anarchy , an index measuring the worst-case performance loss of a decentralized system with respect to its centralized counterpart. Our analysis is undertaken from the new point of view where the router has the memory of previous dispatching choices, which signi cantly complicates the nature of the problem. In the limiting regime where the demands proportionally grow with the network capacity, we provide a tight lower bound on the socially-optimal response time and a tight upper bound on the price of anarchy by means of convex programming. Then, we exploit this result to show, by simulation, that the billiard routing scheme yields a response time which is remarkably close to our lower bound, implying that billiards minimize response time. To study the added-value of non-Bernoulli routers, we introduce the price of forgetting and prove that it is bounded from above by two, which is tight in heavy-tra c. Finally, other structural properties are derived numerically for the price of forgetting. These claim that the bene t of having memory in the router is independent of the network size and heterogeneity, while monotonically depending on the network load only. These properties yield simple product-forms wellapproximating the socially-optimal response time. Key-words: Price of anarchy, Optimal routing, Parallel queues, Convex programming, Lambert W function in ria -0 04 57 60 3, v er si on 1 18 F eb 2 01 0 Sur le prix de l'anarchie et le routage optimal des les d'attente non-observables et parallèles Résumé : Dans cet article, nous considérons un réseau de les d'attentes en parallèles, non-observables et nous étudions le prix de l'anarchie, qui mesure la perte de performance pour un système décentralisé par rapport à son analogue centralisé. Notre analyse introduit un nouveau concept, celui de controleur de routage centralisé avec mémoire, qui change la nature du problème. Dans le régime limite avec des demande qui croissent proportionnellement à la taille du réseau, nous donnons une borne inférieure sur le temps de réponse socialement optimal, ce qui fournit une borne supérieure sur le prix de l'anarchie dans ce contexte. Ensuite, nous exploitons ce résultat pour montrer par simulation que le routage par suites billards a un comportement remarquablement proche de la borne inférieure. Pour mettre en évidence l'apport de routage nonBernoulli, nous introduisons le prix de l'oubli qui est la rapport entre la performance d'un routage sans mémoire (Bernoulli) et l'un routage avec mémoire, et nous montrons qu'il est borné par 2, cette borne étant exacte dans le cas fortement chargé. Finalement, d'autres propriétés structurelles sont établies numériquement. Elles mettent en évidence que le béné ce obtenu grâce à la mémoire du routeur est indépendant de la taille et de l'hétérogénéité du système mais a une dépendance monotone de la charge globale. Cela donne une forme produit simple approximant le prix de l'anarchie de tels systèmes. Mots-clés : Prix de l'anarchie, Routage Optimal, Files d'attentes parallèles in ria -0 04 57 60 3, v er si on 1 18 F eb 2 01 0 Optimal routing in parallel queues and price of anarchy 3
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تاریخ انتشار 2010